Density of Free Space, Or Call it Aether, Or Else Dark Matter.

Density of Free Space, Or Call it Aether, Or Else Dark Matter.

Mention almost any genius in science, and a common concept that identifies them all is the luminiferous aether:

Whether it is Thales or Socrates or Plato, or Aristotle, or Rene Descartes, Christian Huygens, Isaac Newton, Leonhard Euler, Thomas Young, Michael Faraday, Maxwell Clerk, Nicholas Tesla, or Albert Einstein, none of them denied the existence of the luminiferous aether.  The only disagreement amongst them is: aether dynamics; or how they tried to describe what the aether really was and how it (aether) interacted with the rest of nature.

Even the continuous repetition of the Michelson-Morley experiment (1887) which aimed to prove (not to disprove) the existence of the aether, declared that even Abraham Michelson and Edward Morley hardly denied the aether.

What is the Aether?

The Luminiferous aether or ether is a medium believed or theorized to fill all of space, and in which all other celestial bodies or galaxies float or move.

In modern science the concept has shifted to dark matter. So it is now more fashionable to talk about dark matter which generally has some attributes common to aether.

We, at the Darkon Research Laboratory hold that dark matter is no misnomer for luminiferous aether, and that dark matter is luminiferous aether in essence.

Albert Einstein is popularly claimed by many to have done away with aether by his General Relativity theory ; but in a lecture he delivered at the University of Leiden in Germany clearly shows that General Relativity is heavily indebted to aether .  It was May 5, 1920: he said: “….. We may say that according to the General theory of Relativity, space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense therefore there exists an aether. According to the General theory of Relativity, space without the aether is unthinkable.”[1]

In this post we outdoor our trusted value for the density of the aether or dark matter.

Free Space has Density.

When the force or interaction between two bodies   (carrying a charge  ) and   (carrying a charge  ) is such that the gravitational force equals the electromagnetic force, then:

                                                                                                                               (1)

Where Gravitational force between the two bodies and                                                 (2)

  Electromagnetic force between the two bodies                                                              (3)

Where  is the distance between their (bodies’) centres

is the Universal Gravitational constant

And  is the permittivity of free space constant or electric constant.

From                                                                                                                       (4)

If the two bodies are equivalent in mass and charge, then 

:  and                                                                                                                       (5)

                                                                                                                                   (6)

Then                                                                                                                             (7)

But dimensionally,     frequency (                                                                                        (8)

                                                                                                                                         (9)

Dimensional Analysis

 (where is time in units  of seconds)                                                                         (10)

                                                                                                                           (11)

Where  is length in units of meters

is mass in units of kilograms

And  is time in units of seconds

So dimensionally

                                                                                                                           (12)

                                                                                                                                         (13)

But dimensionally, is the dimension of density.                                                                              

has a value of  

So the density of space is  

Discussion

From the above dimensional analysis, it is evident that the permittivity of free space constant or electric constant, has the physical dimension of density. This shows indeed that space is not really empty seeing it has density.

Also, in the debate as to whether space is quantized or continuous, this results obtained favours a quantized space or space-time. And that it might be continuous (many worlds) is in no major doubt; but though continuous we are able to tell its quanta.

In subsequent posts it will be shown that because space-time itself is quantized, it influences size of subatomic particles, electrons, atoms, galaxies, super clusters of galaxies, black holes and even the universe. According to Archimedes’ principle of flotation, a floating body displaces its weight of the fluid in which it floats. One consequence of the principle is that, if all other bodies floating in the medium are able to displace the particles of the medium, then the medium and the immersed or floating bodies must interact by a common means of contact.  This shows that this medium of the dark matter or aether contains certain fundamental particles which make up all other particles of within the universe; these particles include all the force carrier particles of the standard model of particle physics.

Also, it has been the norm to talk separately about the gravitational field as wholly independent of the electromagnetic field. But in subsequent posts we show that the discovery of the density of the aether or dark matter reveals that, the electromagnetic field is just the manifestation of the gravitational field at higher (gravitational) coupling constant.

Albert Einstein looked forward to this discovery when he said: “…. Of course it would a great advance if we could succeed in comprehending the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field together as one unified conformation. Then for the first time, the epoch of theoretical physics founded by Faraday and Maxwell would reach a satisfactory conclusion. The contrast between matter and aether would fade away and through the general theory of relativity, and the whole of physics would become a complete system of thought like geometry, kinematics and theory of gravitation” [1]

And the discovery of the density of the aether makes Einstein’s prediction the Theory of Everything (TOE) via General Theory of Relativity (GR) exactly valid.

 Thus in the quest to unite General theory of Relativity with the Grand Unified Theory (a theory which lumps up the strong force, weak force and the electromagnetic force into one recognizable force) it is now clear that, it is one which is only possible if GUT is rather looked at as a subset of GR, so that GR becomes the Theory of Everything (TOE) by employing a variant gravitational coupling constant G, in each situation.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the discovery of the density of the aether or dark matter among other benefits makes an imminent, evident and a realistic Theory of Everything (TOE) which expresses that:

There is but one force: the gravitational force; which can also manifests itself in the three components of the GUT.

References

[1].Albert Einstein, Ether and the Theory of Relativity, Methuen & Co Ltd, London. (1922)

  (http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Einstein_ether.html)